How do I convert kilowatt-hours to joules?
Multiply kWh by 3,600,000 to get joules. So 1 kWh equals 3.6 MJ, and 100 kWh on your electric bill is 360 MJ of energy delivered. The factor is 1,000 watts times 3,600 seconds per hour. The kWh is the most common billing unit for electricity, while the joule is the SI unit used in physics.
What is a calorie versus a kilocalorie?
A calorie (cal) is the energy needed to raise 1 g of water by 1 C, which is 4.184 J. A kilocalorie (kcal) is 1,000 calories or 4,184 J. Food labels say "calories" but actually mean kilocalories. So a 200 calorie cookie is 200 kcal or 836 kJ. The converter switches between cal, kcal, J, and kJ to clear up the confusion.
How big is a BTU?
One British Thermal Unit (BTU) equals 1,055.06 J or about 252 calories. It is the energy needed to raise one pound of water by 1 F. BTUs are used in heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning specs, especially in the US. A typical room AC unit is rated at 5,000-12,000 BTU/hr, which the power converter can translate into watts.
What is an electronvolt?
An electronvolt (eV) is the energy gained by an electron crossing a 1-volt potential difference, which equals 1.602 x 10^-19 J. It is used in physics and chemistry for atomic and subatomic processes. Visible light photons are about 1.5-3 eV. The converter handles eV alongside the macroscopic units when working with spectroscopy or particle physics.
How much energy does it take to boil water?
Heating 1 kg of water from 20 C to 100 C takes about 334 kJ, then turning it to steam at 100 C takes another 2,260 kJ. So a full kettle (1 L) needs roughly 360 kJ, or 0.1 kWh, just to reach boiling. Real kettles use slightly more because of heat lost to the kettle body and air.
Which energy unit should I use?
Use joules for physics, kilowatt-hours for electricity bills, kilocalories for food, BTUs for HVAC in the US, and electronvolts for atomic-scale work. The converter shows all of them at once, so you can pick whichever is convenient. For engineering work, prefer SI units (joules, kJ, MJ) to avoid mixing systems and creating errors.